From 145d8f9d5c60ddaa8563fb680e1dba620894ff04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Wellspring Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2020 17:37:38 +1000 Subject: [PATCH] More stuff --- 01-principles/01-principles.md | 18 ---------- 06-title-management/06-natural-resources.md | 17 ++++++++++ 07-treasury-and-taxation/07-taxation.md | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++ 08-suffrage/08-suffrage.md | 23 +++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) create mode 100644 06-title-management/06-natural-resources.md create mode 100644 07-treasury-and-taxation/07-taxation.md create mode 100644 08-suffrage/08-suffrage.md diff --git a/01-principles/01-principles.md b/01-principles/01-principles.md index b64434c..1377866 100644 --- a/01-principles/01-principles.md +++ b/01-principles/01-principles.md @@ -101,24 +101,6 @@ Courts are nationalized because private property law should enjoy a uniform, und Courts may be franchised to provide greater coverage. All courts without exception shall be lex-libertas courts. [Experimental] Appellate courts shall have larger (in number) juries than lower courts. -## Natural Resources ("Natureses") - -Natural resources as defined by this Constitution includes all naturally occurring assets, from airspace and electromagnetic waves to land to waterways (not an exhaustive list). - -All natural resources originally belong to the government. The government may grant title to such resources to any legal person. Such title may not subsquently be unilaterally withdrawn by the government after it is given out. The government shall however maintain a registry of all such title owners and the transfer of title shall be registered with the government. The government may tax title holders. A title holder may voluntarily relinquish title to an allocated natural resource back to the government at any time. - -Since government must track the locations of allocated natureses, it shall have the power to invent and control the polity's addressing scheme for natural resources for consistency. Notwithstanding, private addressing and naming schemes may be layered on top of government's scheme by private legal persons. - -All such units of natural resource owned by the government shall be listed on the exchange and sold there. The branches of government shall bid for title to natural resources the same way as all other legal persons and shall have no elevated privileges in the bidding. It is intentional that this may allow acquisition to be gratis. - -The sale of natural resources confers ownership of such natural resources in a multi-dimensional manner. For example, in the case of land, the sale should be in units of 3 dimensional cubes of land stretching from the surface to some distance below it, and not from the surface to the center of the earth. This allows another buyer to purchase another stretch of blocks beneath that stretch of blocks owned by the legal person closest to the surface and so on. - -The sale of land shall also, if necessary be accompanied by a sale of suffucient airspace if there is to be construction of a structure above ground as well. A structure must be built within the confines of the allocated space purchased by its owner. This enables airlines to purchase routes or rent routes owned by other legal persons and so on, thereby solving co-ordination problems. - -A valuable natural treasure contained within a purchased natural resource which was previously undiscovered shall be counted as being part of the containing natural resource and shall incur no additional price on the owner after discovery. Notwithstanding, government shall have the right to modify tax rates at its discretion, subject to applicable laws. - -Utopia does not honour title held by or on behalf of foreign govts and/or their agents/agencies except as needed for diplomacy. When expropriating such titles, they shall be listed on the externality auction. - ## The right to leave Citizens have a right to claim access to the "Right to leave" program. Indepagents who claim the Right to Leave shall not be allowed to return until they have paid back the debt incurred on their behalf to effectuate the program. While the indepagent is outside of the jurisdiction of `WS`, they shall not be chargeable for the debt. Upon leaving the jurisdiction as the final step of the Right to Leave program, the applicant loses citizenship. The right to leave program grants: diff --git a/06-title-management/06-natural-resources.md b/06-title-management/06-natural-resources.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4f3d0a --- /dev/null +++ b/06-title-management/06-natural-resources.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +## Natural Resources ("Natureses") + +Natural resources as defined by this Constitution includes all naturally occurring assets, from airspace and electromagnetic waves to land to waterways (not an exhaustive list). + +All natural resources originally belong to the government. The government shall grant title to such resources the indepagent which wins the bid for it on the externality auction. Such title may not subsquently be unilaterally withdrawn by the government after it is given out. The government shall however maintain a registry of all such title owners and all transfers of title shall be registered with the government. The government may tax title holders. A title holder may voluntarily relinquish title to an allocated natural resource back to the government at any time. + +Since government must track the locations of allocated natureses, it shall have the power to invent and control the polity's addressing scheme for natural resources for consistency. Notwithstanding, private addressing and naming schemes may be layered on top of government's scheme by private legal persons. + +All such units of natural resource owned by the government shall be listed on the exchange and sold there. The branches of government shall bid for title to natural resources the same way as all other legal persons and shall have no elevated privileges in the bidding. It is intentional that this may allow acquisition to be gratis. + +The sale of natural resources confers ownership of such natural resources in a multi-dimensional manner. For example, in the case of land, the sale should be in units of 3 dimensional cubes of land stretching from the surface to some distance below it, and not from the surface to the center of the earth. This allows another buyer to purchase another stretch of blocks beneath that stretch of blocks owned by the legal person closest to the surface and so on. + +The sale of land shall also, if necessary be accompanied by a sale of suffucient airspace if there is to be construction of a structure above ground as well. A structure must be built within the confines of the allocated space purchased by its owner. This enables airlines to purchase routes or rent routes owned by other legal persons and so on, thereby solving co-ordination problems. + +A valuable natural treasure contained within a purchased natural resource which was previously undiscovered shall be counted as being part of the containing natural resource and shall incur no additional price on the owner after discovery. Notwithstanding, government shall have the right to modify tax rates at its discretion, subject to applicable laws. + +Utopia does not honour title held by or on behalf of foreign govts and/or their agents/agencies except as needed for diplomacy. When expropriating such titles, they shall be listed on the externality auction. diff --git a/07-treasury-and-taxation/07-taxation.md b/07-treasury-and-taxation/07-taxation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f29379 --- /dev/null +++ b/07-treasury-and-taxation/07-taxation.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Wellspring taxation + +## Basics + +`WS` only allows the levying of taxes directly on owners of natureses because in taxing natures owners, one taxes all indepagents who live off that natures. + +> Apologia: We wish to reduce the amount of contact that indepagents have with tax agents and state enforcement agents. + +No landlord shall be taxed more heavily than at 10% of the income generated per unit of his natureses. All taxation exceeding this shall be **unenforceable**. + +> Apologia: Obviously this number can be changed by constitutional amendment. But only by that means. + +All taxes on wealth instead of income shall be **unenforceable**. + +> Apologia: This obviously includes inheritance taxes. + +## Incentives via tax discounts + +> Apologia: The reason for these is to skew the market toward ensuring there's an abundance of supply of and universality of access to certain commodities and services. We do this mainly as a tool for polemics against decriers; not because we believe that a free market would not supply these adequately. + +> Apologia: Explicitly point out that rentiers charge based on what the tenant can afford to pay, and quote Adam Smith. Use this to explain our reasoning behind the structure of these discounts. + +Ambiguously purposed natures units shall be deemed to be allocated toward the more heavily taxed purpose. + +> Apologia: In other words, businesses seeking to benefit from these tax discounts should specialize themselves into selling a single product or a small line of products closely related to the tax discount. + +There shall be a "heavy" tax discount on all rental income from natureses hosting **insurers** for services in private security and investigation, legal aid, healthcare, bank depositors, pension funds and legal aid to ensure that such insurers have preferential allocation by natures owners. Note that this is for the **insurers** for those products/services; not the suppliers of those products/services. + +There shall be a "medium" tax discount on all rental income from natureses hosting therapy/counselling services for persons addicted to addictive/psychotropic substances and for the operation of waste collection/sorting/resale companies (**NOT** manufacturers which use resold materials). + +There shall be a "light" tax discount on all rental income from natureses purposed for schooling and education. + +There shall be a "negligible" tax discount for all land hosting a non-profit corporation. The tax authority shall have the power to audit non-profit organizations to determine whether or not they fit the legal definition of non-profit. + +## No deceptive illusions. + +Government employees shall be paid directly what the net sum of their salary is and their salary streams from the government shall not be subjected to taxation after they receive it. There shall be NO abstract deception created by the government to make it seem as if government employees pay taxes on their government salary streams. Gov't employees are tax **receivers** and not tax payers. They are employees of the people and in **no way** shall things **ever** be misconstrued to appear as if they are not. diff --git a/08-suffrage/08-suffrage.md b/08-suffrage/08-suffrage.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d657064 --- /dev/null +++ b/08-suffrage/08-suffrage.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Wellspring: Suffrage + +## Eligibility to vote + +Eligibility to vote is purpose-specific. Indepagents may be eligible to vote for one thing while being ineligible to vote for another. + +### Agency + +Only indepagents may vote. Corporations/legal persons shall not be able to cast votes. + +### Termed offices + +An indepagent shall be eligible to vote for a particular termed office if they have tax receipts covering at least 75% of the duration of the previous term of that office. The receipts need not be contiguous. + +[Move this example into the apologia] +- E.g., to qualify to vote for a 4-year termed office, one must have tax receipts covering at least 3 out of the last 4 years. + +### Constitutional amendments + +An indepagent shall be eligible to vote on a constitutional amendment if they have tax receipts covering at least 10 out of the last 30 years; the receipts need not be contiguous. + +[Give examples in the apologia] +