Update 01-02-disclaimers-and-disavowals-apologia.md

01-principles/01-02-disclaimers-and-disavowals-apologia.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ To be even more cautious, we have decided to explicitly address each of the repu
   - We disavow the view that in war, the civilian populace of an enemy nation is in effect, fair game and acceptable collateral damage. We specifically disavow this statement he made in an interview on with Bill O'Reilly: "*I'm absolutely not concerned with innocents -- people in the enemy territory. If they get killed that is the responsibility of their government for initiating aggression against us [The USA]. In any war when you fight the enemy, you have to take anyone in that territory and regard him as part of the enemy, otherwise you can't defend yourself. If you're concerned with the innocents in those countries you are pulling your punches and thereby jeopardizing the innocents in our countries. It's either or: if you believe in self defense you fight it to the full.*". And we disavow it for these reasons:
      - Information, foresight and capabilities impose ethical obligations on an actor.
         - A nation with the enhanced capabilities and technology to **feasibly** achieve its self-defense while limiting civilian casualties has an ethical obligation to employ those technologies in the manner which does in fact, limit those civilian casualties which its capabilities enable it to limit.
-           - Ayn Rand and Peikoff themselves use this very same reasoning when pointing out that humankind's morality consists of humans living **as humans** (i.e, rational creatures) with a holistic view of the human identity -- that a human has two hands to labour and fight with; but a human also has a rational faculty which enables him/her to observe and scientifically learn about the world, and to use that knowledge to produce with his/her hands instead of using violence, and to trade the produce of their labour with others instead of predating on others -- that a human is a being with **both** two hands **and** a mind. The enhanced capabilities granted by the mind bind the human with new moral and ethical obligations. With increased capability comes increased ethical obligation.
+           - Ayn Rand and Peikoff themselves use this very same reasoning when pointing out that humankind's morality consists of humans living **as humans** (i.e, rational creatures) with a holistic view of the human identity -- that a human has two hands to labour and fight with; but a human also has a rational faculty which enables him/her to observe and scientifically learn about the world, and to use that knowledge to produce with his/her hands instead of using violence, and to trade the produce of their labour with others instead of predating on others -- that a human is a being with **both** two hands **and** a mind. The enhanced capabilities granted by the mind bind the human with unique moral and ethical obligation to produce and trade as opposed to stealing and predating. With increased capability comes increased ethical obligation.
         - A nation with the foresight/knowledge that a particular course of action in war would cause avoidable civilian death, and which has an alternative course of action which would **feasibly** achieve its self defense objectives, has an obligation to choose the course of action which would avoid incurring those avoidable civilian casualties.
         - A nation receiving information which changes the ethical implications of a course of action in a negative way, where those negative consequences can be **avoided**, has a moral obligation to alter that course of action and avoid the negative ethical consequences if it can do so while still **feasibly** accomplishing its self-defense.
      - It is certainly immoral for a nation to paralyze itself with inaction in the face of a threat, but a nation which, due to its advantage in capabilities/foresight/information, has a course of action which enables it to entinguish a threat and defend itself while also limiting civilian casualties is ethically bound to limit such casualties where it is in fact, feasible to do so.